事实上，MAP阅读考试中共考察四种文体，其中议论文文体是常考考点。通过上面对议论文文体考察说明，我们对其特点有了基本了解，但是到解具体题目的时候，有些同学还是会无从下手。
今天由我们教研团队Young老师带领各位同学们攻克这类题型。
MAP阅读
测试概况：
年级：K-12年级
时间：约45~60分钟
题目：约40-53题
题型：选择为主，填空和匹配为辅
测试内容：
Informational text
信息文章（主要观点、细节、论证等）
判断句子主体、观点对错、时间事件顺序、文章段落主旨等。
Text type/structure/ Sentence type /Rhetorical devices
文体分类（文章类型和结构，诗歌类型和修饰手法等）
文章的4种主要类型，诗歌的7种主要类别和修饰手法常考的18种分类
Vocabulary ：Word recognition/ word relationships antonym or synonym.
词汇（词义、来源、近反义词等）
考察词汇的语音、词义、正反义词等词汇关系
Literature: Character identification Author’s purpose/attitude/emotions/ bias/preference
文学作品（目的、结构、手法等）
了解人物特点、作者目的、主要情节和事件发展顺序等
议论文测试说明：
Persuasive(opinion/bias)议论文
Key point:
1. 说服性写作包含理由、论据和理由(Persuasive reason)
2. 作者表明自己的立场，并要求你同意他或她的观点(people’s opinion)
3. 它经常要求读者对这种情况做些什么(这被称为行动呼吁appealing people)
4. 出现比较级或最高级(comparative and superlative)
说服类的文体：
comments of News 新闻作品的观点和社论
advertisements广告
reviews 评论 (书,音乐,电影,饭店等)
recommendation推荐信
letter of complaint投诉信
speech 演讲
解题思路：
我们一起来看看拿到此类题目应该如何找到解题着力点。
首先，我们需要先分析题目提问的要求，此类题型一般有以下提问方式：
What is the author’s bias in this passage?
Which of the following sentences is an example that the author is biased?
Which of the following sentences from the passage is persuasive?
Which of the following sentences states the effect of the writer’s bias on his or her argument?
其次，在做题过程中，不是全部题目都需要借助背景信息的理解以及推理分析才可以选出正确的答案。此类题型在一些情况下，不需要通过理解背景信息，直接分析四个选项的内容就可以得出正确答案，这类题目选项一般含有正面事实与观点，而通过排除正面事实选项可以来确定答案。但如果，一开始直接看选项无法十分确定正确答案，这时候就要回到背景信息，结合给出的信息来确定哪些是事实与观点。
那如果要找出具有议论文性质的句子的选项，我们应该如何着手呢？诚如上面讲的议论文写作是一种说服读者接受作者观点的文体，它要求作者表明自己的立场，并要求读者同意这种观点，并可能要求读者采取某种行动，这种文体通常包括比较级或最高级的语言，以及有力的论据和理由。在大部分情况下，找出体现作者观点的形容词包含原级，比较级或最高级。
真题一：
Ice cream is a sweetened frozen food made from dairy products,such as milk and cream. It is often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors. Vanilla and chocolate are the most popular ice cream flavors in the U. S. Chocolate is without a doubt the best ice cream flavor. Ice cream is usually sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes. Ice cream’s origins are known to reach as far back as the fifth century B. C. in Ancient Greece.
What is the author’s bias in this passage?
A. Ice cream is usually sweetened with sugar.
B. Ice cream’s origins are known to reach back to Ancient Greece.
C. Chocolate is without a doubt the best flavor of ice cream.
D. Ice cream is made from dairy products, such as milk and cream.
正确答案：C
解析：因为文中有“Chocolate is without a doubt the best ice cream flavor”这句话，表明作者的偏见是巧克力是最好的冰激凌口味。A选项错误，文中没有说冰激凌一定要用糖做甜；B选项错误，文中只是提到冰激凌的起源可以追溯到公元前五世纪，这是一个事实存在，没有提及有任何作者偏见的信息；D选项错误，文中有提到冰激凌是由乳制品制作而成，这也是一个事实存在，同样没有提及有任何作者偏见的信息。
真题二：
The moment the words were out of my mouth, I wished I could take them back. I didn’t mean to hurt Keith’s feelings. He is such a nice person, and he certainly doesn’t deserve to be treated so poorly. I guess the stress from my job has been more than I can handle. Instead of taking my problems out on him, I need to deal directly with the people who create the stress. If only I didn’t care so much what people thought of me at work, then this would not have happened.
Which of the following sentences from the passage is persuasive?
A. The moment the words were out of my mouth, I wished I could take them back.
B. I didn’t mean to hurt Keith’s feelings.
C. He is such a nice person, and he certainly doesn’t deserve to be treated so poorly.
D. I guess the stress from my job has been more than I can handle.
正确答案：C
解析：选项C句中描述了作者对Keith的感情，说明作者是很关心Keith的，同时也在说明Keith是一个很好的人，值得别人的关心和爱护，这是个有说服力的句子。而A、B、D三项均为客观事实陈述，没有表达作者的态度，只是描述了作者想做什么或已经做了什么，所以不具有说服力。
后期小橙也将会和教研团队的老师们，继续为各位梳理MAP测试相关的内容，让学生更清楚的认识到自身的知识盲点，能够有效的掌握知识点。
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